Friday, November 12, 2004

Arafat Update

The funeral began over an hour ago and now, looking out our window, I suddenly realize we can see a long line of white planes at the airport. I’ve never noticed this before: the airport must be filled. I don’t even remember being able to see parked planes from here. We are even closer to what is going on than I thought.

A few minutes after writing the above note, I saw a dark green plane taxiing. This may have been the French military jet taking off with Arafat’s body. The funeral, I think is over now. The plan next is to land in the Sinai, then fly him by helicopter to Ramallah. They are going to bury him in a kind of movable stone tomb so that, someday maybe, he can be easily moved to Jerusalem. For now, at least, the Israelis are denying this request.

BBC online says that Arafat’s body has left the airport. That must’ve been him.

It is now 4:45 pm here. I read that Arafat has been buried in Ramallah, his coffin besieged by thousands of his people. With Arafat gone and Bush safely ensconced in his second term, maybe now’s the time for a breakthrough for peace between Israel and the Palestinians. I’m not exactly holding my breath—especially since the Palestinians have a lot to work out amongst themselves first—but Arafat’s death may be a good thing for the region. I guess we’ll see.

Arafat is Here

Yasser Arafat, the controversial leader of the Palestinians, died Thursday in a hospital outside Paris. Last night he was flown by helicopter to Cairo and his body is now resting a few miles from where we live. (We can see Cairo International Airport from our balcony.) The funeral will take place at a nearby mosque with at least 12 foreign ministers and heads of state attending from around the world. Today is also the first day of our week-long vacation for the El-Aida feast, which marks the end of the Ramadan season. Most of the American teachers are leaving town, and over half of them are unfortunate enough to have plane tickets for today. I hope they can get out, but I’m guessing they will be facing major delays because of the funeral and all the foreign visitors who will be landing for a few hours and then taking off again.

There is a marching band playing nearby, its drums rolling across the street from the vast Harbeya military college. I’m guessing they are practicing for the funeral. According to news reports, a military band will help escort Arafat’s body. President Mubarak has declared 3 days of official mourning in Egypt, where Arafat was born 75 years ago. The US Embassy, meanwhile, has recommended that Americans keep a low profile and avoid places where crowds or demonstrations might occur. We are quite happy with staying in our apartment for a couple days, working on the blog, reading (Faith is reading the 1,000+ page “Cairo Trilogy” by Nobel-prize winner Naguib Mahfouz, who is Egyptian), eating, and otherwise relaxing. I will be sure to include more updates on Arafat as events occur. The funeral is scheduled for 11:00 am, a little under 3 hours from now.

Terrorism (and Conspiracy Theory) Update

Several Egyptians have been arrested in connection with the Taba bombings, and the government is saying a Palestinian living in Egypt (who was killed in the blast) was the ringleader. According to the government, this was a “primitive” operation carried out in response to events in Palestine. If so, this is “good” news for Egypt and for us: an isolated attack against Israel by a few first-time terrorists is a less destabilizing scenario than a new Al-Qaeda inspired or even orchestrated terrorist group out to overthrow the Egyptian government.

The country as a whole, meanwhile, has remained calm, and from what we hear there have been no mass cancellations from tourists. The fact that the attack was so near to Israel and targeted Israelis seems to have convinced most people this is more about the Arab-Israeli conflict than about Egypt itself. This still may not be correct, however. We should keep in mind that the Egyptian government has every reason to paint this tragedy as part of the Palestinian problem and not a problem in and about Egypt itself.

A NOTE on conspiracy theories: as most of you probably know, conspiracy theories are very popular in this part of the world. In fact, when asked if Israel might have organized the attack in Sinai against its own people to make Egypt look bad, President Mubarak said it was too early to know for certain who did it. The fact he couldn’t just come out and say “that’s ludicrous” is telling. In the minds of many people, the Israelis are capable of anything, including murdering their own people. Similarly, I talked with a student who suggested, as a theory, that the US government organized 9/11. I don’t think this student believed it, but it seemed to him a reasonable, if unlikely, theory that should not be ignored. One of Faith’s friends, meanwhile, honestly believes the story about the 4,000 Jews being warned to not come in to work in New York on 9/11. Just yesterday, I was talking to a student (one of my favorites) who was convinced that Bush was going to invade the entire Middle East, including Egypt, and take everything over. Other students have suggested the US wants to exterminate all Muslims.

Where do these theories come from? More importantly, WHY are they so popular? There are, I think, four main reasons:

First and most importantly, there is no free press here, while the Egyptian people have very few opportunities to know how their own government functions. Egyptians thus are at the mercy of an often inscrutable government, while Egypt as a whole seems at the mercy of vast forces beyond its control, forces often identified as related to--or actually AS--”the Jews” and/or America. (Often Jews are seen as pulling America’s strings here.) In short, accurate information and independent news sources can be very hard to come by, and in their absence all sorts of bizarre ideas arise to fill the blanks in.

Second, there is a great deal of pride in this part of the world. In the past, this region was very powerful and it makes no sense to people that this greatness could have failed without extensive back-stabbing, manipulation, and treachery on the part of outsiders.

Thirdly, Islam is, like Christianity, a universalistic religion. Everyone, according to Muslims, should be a Muslim, since Islam and the Quran were given to humankind by God as the one “straight path” they should follow. Muslims should thus be favored more highly by God than anyone. In the modern world, however, this favor is not evident with respect to economic, military, or cultural might. What went wrong? Conspiracy theories help provide a relatively comforting and unambiguous answer to this question.

Finally, Egypt HAS, of course, been manipulated and used by outsiders for centuries. Foreign rule of one kind or another was imposed on Egypt for some 2,000 years, while in modern times Egypt was ruled by the British. The memories of foreign control and domination are still fresh in people’s minds here, memories supported vigorously by the schools—including ours. The feeling that Egypt is being controlled by outsiders almost seems to have become a habit here.

That said, I’ve come to the conclusion that the best thing I can do is, when given the chance, attempt to problematize some of these theories with a few well-chosen questions. For instance, “if Israel orchestrated the 9/11 attacks, why does Osama Bin Laden claim credit for them? Doesn’t that imply that Osama Bin Laden is, in one sense or another, working for Israel?” To the girl who thought we were going to invade the entire Middle East I wondered whether or not the U.S. could afford it. People would violently resist, after all, and the cost of fighting ten insurgencies in ten different countries would be far, far higher than the value of the oil America would seize. I don’t know how well these questions work, but my goal is not to get people to have a particular opinion. I only want them to ask more questions and recognize that things are more complicated than they are assuming.

I have to add one other thing: the people who say these things are not raving, hateful lunatics: they are very kind adults and kids who have treated us wonderfully and for whom both Faith and I feel a great deal of affection. If you think this doesn’t make any sense, then maybe I’ve helped problematize some of your theories as well.

School During Ramadan—and Vacation Plans

The past month we have been having school with reduced hours. We were coming in an hour later and leaving two hours earlier than usual, while classes were 35 minutes apiece. The general pattern for Muslims during Ramadan involves, of course, not eating and drinking during daylight hours, followed by a big feast at sunset. Another big meal occurs just before dawn. Students would generally get home from school, sleep a few hours, then be up till all hours of the night. Visits to and from relatives are common at this time, and the atmosphere is festive, with lights, streamers, and giant lanterns (lanterns being an Egyptian symbol for Ramadan) everywhere. You also see a lot of open Qurans, since this is a time for people to come closer not only to their families but also to God. There is also a great deal of giving, with local charities receiving the equivalent of millions of dollars in donations.

For Faith and I, meanwhile, we’re glad that Ramadan is ending and are looking forward to getting back to a normal schedule and routine at school after the weeklong break for feast of El Fitr, which is the climax of the Ramadan season. Shortened days sound fun in the abstract, but in practice the hurried atmosphere and alternately exhausted and hyper students felt about as draining as the normal schedule did. In addition, it was harder to get things done. Still, it WAS nice to get home about 1:30 every day. When we get back to school on November 21, we’ll have a little less than 5 weeks of school before the big Christmas break, when Faith and I are hoping to go to Greece for our vacation. We have another vacation already planned for next week. We are taking a train to Alexandria, the city founded by Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC. We will visit the huge new library there, a Roman amphitheater, and the Greco-Roman museum. We have an Egyptian friend who spends a great deal of time there, and she’s going to show us around and is helping make arrangements. We will leave early Tuesday morning and come back on Friday. Needless to say, we are VERY excited. We have been doing little else but working and recovering-from-working, and are ready for a change of scene and pace. We look forward to being tourists.

Faith’s Play-by-Play Fourth-Floor Traffic Report

[Traffic during Ramadan can get crazy at certain times of the day. It got particularly crazy last week before the hugely important soccer match between arch-rivals El Ahly and Zamalek football clubs, who played right here in Heliopolis. Here’s Faith’s description of what she saw outside.]

I just want to share with you right now what is going on outside my window as I type. Ok, there is a huge traffic jam outside my window right now. I have just moved outside to watch it happen as I am writing this to you. We live on a street called Fareed Samika. It has two streets running each one way. So, what that means is, if you look out my apartment building, there is the street with the traffic going to the right, then a park in the middle, then a one way street with the traffic going to the left. In most places in Egypt they do not have traffic lights, as is the case with the problem that is going on right now. Fareed Samika intersects with Amr Ibn Yasser. At the intersection right now the traffic has not moved the whole time I have been out here. The reason is because all the cars are trying to cross at the same time causing a large and unmovable gridlock. There are people standing with their doors open, with one leg still inside the car ready to move at any moment.

Now, on my side of the street, the cars are going the wrong way down a one way street hoping they will be able to move. But, unfortunately, they are causing part of the gridlock at the end of the street. Now, our porter Waheed is directing people to go down the side street next to our building. (We live on a corner.) He is trying to direct the cars that are going the wrong way to not go to the intersection. I get the biggest kick out of him. He laughs all the time and I can hear his laughter as he directs this insanity. Oh, there goes a police car. Okay, traffic is starting to move but there are still people trying to go down the one way street the wrong way. Did I say anything about the honking? Egyptians love to honk. They have a whole subculture in horn honking here. Right now, most of the horn honking consists of laying your hand on the horn and not taking it off for 10 to 15 seconds, somehow making them think that they can move traffic by doing this. I was told by one of my coworkers that you can even swear a certain way with your horn and you can also swear with your lights.

Okay, there are 3 more egyptians standing down below my apartment trying to direct traffic. Okay, they now have jumped back into their vehicles and are on their merry way.... to the end of the sidewalk. One of the reasons why traffic is so bad is because it is 5:04 p.m. and everyone is trying to get home to break fast and have what they term as "breakfast". It is their first meal of the day. Everybody gets a bit more tense during Ramadan, which is understandable. Okay, now we have a large yelling spree across the park going on between a taxi driver and another motorist. Okay, now they are done. Now there is a young man in a orange shirt running down the street with what seems to be a red flag. Okay, he directs, then he runs on. I think he really is not anyone official. [This is Lee: red is the color of one of the soccer teams: this guy was probably an El Ahly fan. Most of my students are Ahly fans, and some of my boys were VERY rambunctious the day of the match. Fortunately, their team won against Zamalek 4-2. I would’ve probably gone with some of them, but we had Faith’s birthday dinner that night.]

Did I also mention that Egyptians love to help others? They will help direct our school bus at times around donkeys with carts, horses with carts, men on bikes peddling bananas, passed doubled parked cars, you name it. Oh,,,,,,,,,, it looks like Waheed has given up directing traffic and is now sitting down on a short concrete wall having a cup of tea with his wife and a smoke,,,, or is that a pen? It doesn't look like it is getting any shorter. I am on the 4th floor ya know. I think that is a pen. Okay, now we have the standing with my door open with one foot inside and rolling my car down the street. Okay,,, now one man is taking both feet out of the car and is not hopping but walking and pushing. Traffic is now lightening up on my side of the street but across the park is another story. It is now 5:24 p.m. and getting dark as we speak. In a few minutes it will be completely dead out here. Not a soul around.

Oh, they are finally moving across the park. Even though it is dark, people do not use their headlights all the time. They mostly use them to signal. Today, when we were going to school, we had to take a different route because President Mubarak was flying to Dubai for a funeral. They close off streets when he goes anywhere. Aha!!! I was wrong, that is a cigarette in Waheed’s hand and not a pen. I just saw the red ash as he puffed on it. Okay. Traffic is now under control and moving in the right direction. No more gridlock. What was happening for the last 1/2 hour almost seems nonexistent now. Maybe I should have some soup to tied me over until my Birthday "Stuff My Face As Much As I Can And Loosen The Belt Fest" at 9:30?

[We had, by the way, a very nice birthday dinner for Faith at a restaurant called El Shabrowey. About a dozen Americans and Egyptians showed up, the food was good, and we had fun. Faith is now 37.]

One of the Most Terrifying and Exciting Experiences of My Life

So about three weeks ago I invited my seniors out for a movie. About a dozen showed up, and we were “treated” to the shenanigans of a horde of giant man-eating snakes in the destined-to-be-classic thriller “Anacondas.” We all agreed that it was pretty bad and not scary at all, though the theater popcorn was good. Next we went to Hardee’s (which was in the same mall as the movie theater) where a student insisted I let him buy me some curly fries and a drink. A nice time, in short, was had by all, and if the night had ended there I would not have much of a story to tell. (About the neatest thing up to that point was seeing them all out of uniform and dressed like normal, individual, real people: that was fun.)

So here’s what happened next. Two of my students had previously mentioned they owned motorcycles and that they loved riding them through Cairo. (Most of their writing assignments seem to feature motorcycles in one way or another.) I didn’t entirely believe them, but when they pulled up before the mall in leather jackets and on dirt-bikes, I had to admit I was mistaken. One of them, Ahmed, asked how I had gotten to the mall. When I told him by taxi, he asked how much I had paid and grimaced when I told him. “Too much,” he said, “I’ll take you home after the movie.” “No, that’s okay,” I said. “I’m not really into motorcycles.” “No,” he said, “you’ll like it—very safe.” I did not budge, however, and we went into the movie.

After the movie was over, Ahmed repeated his intention of giving me a ride home and bought me my food at Hardee’s. I began to waver. I realized this was very important to him. I also began to rationalize as follows: first, Lee, think of riding around this city in taxis: that’s not the safest, most comfortable thing to do, either. Also, you’ve seen people on motorcycles and scooters before, and it seems a lot like being in taxi, albeit there’s certainly less room for error. Next, if you are EVER going to do ANYTHING like this, you should probably risk it with this kid. His senses and reflexes are in their prime, he knows the city well, he appears extremely confident, and you could certainly put your life in worse hands. Finally, and this really was the clincher, I said to myself, now, Lee, really: you are so cautious most of the time, and that’s great, but here you are in Cairo, Egypt with a chance to take a motorcycle ride through the city. Can you REALLY pass up that opportunity? Wouldn’t it make a good story? Won’t it be fun? And even if it’s SLIGHTLY more risky than a taxi, isn’t it still unlikely anything bad will happen? And besides, it would mean a lot to your student, who will clearly be offended if you don’t trust him.

And so, at last, I agreed, and we left Hardee’s together and, after bidding everyone else farewell, walked over to where he had parked. Ahmed jumped on the bike, fired it up, and I hopped up behind him, hugged him with my forearms on either side, and waited—now completely helpless—to see what happened next as we pulled out into traffic....

Alas, my friends and family, words at this point fail me. I was expecting Ahmed to simply drive me home. I was very, very, very mistaken. You all, of course, have seen those movies with big car chases in them. Well this, my friends, was EXACTLY like that. Within seconds of pulling out into traffic and going through a turnabout, Ahmed gunned it and before I knew it we were whizzing between buses, weaving in and out of traffic at high speed, and alternately accelerating and then braking so fast my heart felt like it was bouncing back and forth horizontally at the end of some completely crazy bungie cord. We would be caught in heavy traffic—my breathing spaces—then suddenly Ahmed would spot an opening and open up the throttle and we’d plunge through it like a bullet. He used the usual Cairene calculation in these matters, which is, if you can fit, you can go. (Lanes being entirely theoretical constructs here.) More than once we were between two buses or trucks or cars with maybe a foot or two to spare. At one point, on a relatively open stretch of road, he asked me, “do you like wheelies?” “No,” I said as calmly and as firmly as I could, “no, I do NOT like wheelies.” Ahmed then proceeded to take the front wheel of the motorcycle off the ground with one quick burst of acceleration and we enjoyed the unique pleasure of riding on a single wheel for maybe 50 yards. When the wheel at last came down, we noticed a large speed bump quickly approaching. “You like air?” Ahmed asked. “No,” I said as calmly and as firmly as I could, “no, I do NOT like air.” “BRRRRRRRRR!” screams the machine and suddenly there’s a tremendous jolt and we no longer have EITHER wheel upon the asphalt....

There’s one other detail I should note here: I could not see Ahmed’s expression, but I knew he was completely immersed in what he was doing. In the pauses between his feats of cycling prowess, and often a couple seconds before doing something dramatic, he would quickly cock his head to one side, as if he were cracking a kink out of his neck, or as if he were a boxer staying loose just before plunging back into the ring. I became unaccountably fascinated by these movements, possibly because I found in them comforting signs of confidence. In which case I suspect they helped me keep it together as we roared and braked our weaving, eye-stinging, vehicle-choked, exhaust-drenched, wind-whipped way along the lanes and freeways of the “mother of the world.” (As Cairo, sometimes, is called.)

Meanwhile, to return to the chase itself, we abruptly take a right-hand turn and, to my immeasurable relief, I recognize the street. “My flat is on the next street on the right,” I say to Ahmed. “The next street?” he says—then BRRRRRRRRRR, he accelerates again, charging between the one narrow lane of solid traffic on our left and the unbroken row of parked cars on our right at probably 50 miles per hour until we reach my street, make a right hand turn, and, a block later, come to a stop in front of my apartment building. I dismount, my heart still racing and my legs weak but not quite shaking, give Ahmed a hug, and thank him for not killing me. Ahmed is mildly amused by this, and I suddenly realize that, for him, it was all in a night’s work. He then wished me goodnight, turned around, and rumbled off into the night.

I was relieved to find him alive and well at school the following Sunday, and felt very close to him, being affected by an irrational conviction that he had actually saved my life. He said that we should do that again sometime, and this is what I told him: “Ahmed,” I said, “I want to thank you. That was one of the most exciting and terrifying experiences of my life, and I will remember it until the day I die. I truly, truly thank you for that. But I will never, ever, ever do that again.”

Looking back, I now realize that feeling my feet back on solid ground that night was one of the peak moments of my life. I felt both incredibly relieved and totally overjoyed at the same time. A similar mix of feelings characterized the ride itself: it was absolutely exhilarating and terrifying all at once. In fact, it was SO exhilarating and so surreal that my fear, though very real, never became panic. I think a part of me was too caught up in disbelief to panic. There was also SO MUCH going on that I did not have time to lose my cool. I did manage to ponder the consequences of disaster: a car switching lanes suddenly in front of us; a tire blowing out; Ahmed losing control after that speed bump coming up and wiping out, sending us grating and rolling along the roadway for who knows how many yards before we stop. I found a couple moments to consider the irony of my being killed on a motorcycle. With all due respect to motorcyclists, I have always passionately disliked these machines, considering them unacceptably dangerous. I once ripped into Faith for taking a ride on a motorcycle during the Sturgis Rally one summer. (And that was a normal motorcycle: Ahmed’s was a dirt or racing type of bike.) To her credit, though, Faith was not angry at me at all. Nor was I angry at myself. Because I survived intact, I was very happy I had done it, though in the hours after I came home I became, as the euphoria died down, more and more astonished and alarmed at what had happened. Even then, however, I was glad. Especially since, as I told Ahmed, never again: this meant that I had dodged this particular bullet now forever. To adapt a phrase of the French thinker Voltaire, “once a philosopher, twice an idiot.”

Besides, I guess you only live once.